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AI illustration · interpretive reconstruction

Zhou · Daily Life

One Crossbow, Fifty Paces of Wall: The Working Life of a Warring States Siege

A Qin crossbow trigger like those from the terracotta pits; a Mozi manual that assigns men, stones, water and torches to every fifty paces of wall — instructions for holding a city, not battle reports.

Zhou · Daily Life

The Goose and the Gourd: Marriage Rules and Real Marriages in the Spring and Autumn

The ritual books set out six stages, a go-between, a gift and a ban on same-surname marriage; the Zuo Zhuan records political unions, accompanying women and one duke who took his son's bride.

Zhou · Daily Life

How People Went to the Toilet in Warring States China

In 581 BCE a Duke of Jin fell into a privy and died. Two centuries later a Qin palace had an indoor toilet with a bent pipe and servants pouring water — the first flush toilet found in China.

Zhou · Money & Society

Spade, Knife, Ring: What Money Looked Like in the Warring States

Warring States coins were cast in the shapes of tools; a Qin statute adds the rules — cloth of legal size, eleven coins to the bolt, no refusing bad coin, a thousand coins sealed in a basket.

Zhou · Money & Society

How a Spring and Autumn State Counted Its People

In 590 BCE Lu levied armour by the 'qiu'; in 589 Chu counted households before marching; at An, Jin asked for eight hundred chariots. How the counting was done is not recorded.

Zhou · Cities & Technology

Feeding the Soil in Early China: Weeds, Deep Ploughing and Burnt Ground

Early Chinese farmers worked fertility by observation and timing: cut weeds left to rot, soil adjusted against its condition, five ploughings and deep tillage — not yet a manure regime.