Daily Life

Food, homes & daily routines

Money & Society

Work, trade & social life

Cities & Technology

Markets, travel & inventions

AI illustration · interpretive reconstruction

Ming · Money & Society

Seven Fen Five Li for Fifteen Brooms: A County Ledger from Wanli Beijing

A Wanping magistrate recorded what one county bought for its altars, tombs and processions, down to the fen and li — and the levies that paid for it. Procurement prices, not retail; a register, not a population.

Ming · Cities & Technology

Washed with Yellow Mud: Making White Sugar in Ming China

Packed into a clay cone and washed with yellow mud water, Ming dark sugar came out as white frost, in five grades. Rock sugar was a separate process, not a finer grade of the same thing.

Ming · Cities & Technology

How a Ming City Ran: The Ward Headman's Night Round

A Ming city ran on curfews, ward headmen, state-built shopfronts and a scale checked every three days, not on a city government with a budget.